Check the file permissions with the ls command.
$ ls -l
Something like drwxr-xr-x represents the permission settings.
| Alphabet | meaning |
|---|---|
| d | directory |
| r | Read |
| w | Writing |
| x | Run |
| - | Disallowed |
The leading d indicates that it is a directory.
The rest represents three patterns of permissions: owner, group user, and other users.
drwxr-xr-x will be in the following state.
| Owner (u) | Group user (g) | Other users (o) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| d | rwx | r-x | r-x |
| Directory | Permission to read, write, and execute | Read, execute permission, write disallow | Read, execute permission, write disallow |
To express rwx as an octal number, it is as follows.
0 means no permission, 1 means permission.
| rwx | 8 base |
|---|---|
| 000 | 0 |
| 001 | 1 |
| 010 | 2 |
| 011 | 3 |
| 100 | 4 |
| 101 | 5 |
| 110 | 6 |
| 111 | 7 |
If you want to allow the operation only to the owner
rwx ------ becomes 111000000 and becomes 700.
Give the owner write permission to the specified file
$ chmod u+w test.txt
Remove the execute permission of the owner of the specified file
$ chmod u-x test.txt
Or specify them all in octal numbers
$ chmod 700 test.txt
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